

The chip scale atomic clock (CSAC) represents a significant advancement in timekeeping technology, offering atomic clock accuracy in a compact, low-power package. CSACs utilize miniature physics packages, such as those based on coherent population trapping (CPT) or optically pumped vapor cells, to achieve frequency stability and precision comparable to traditional atomic clocks but at a fraction of the size and power consumption. This makes them ideal for applications where size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints are critical, such as in portable navigation devices, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and wearable technology.
California Triangle is a leading time-frequency technology company specializing in Chip Scale Atomic Clocks (CSACs) that deliver ultra-precise, low-power, and compact timing solutions for mission-critical applications.
As one of the few global suppliers with full-stack self-developed atomic clock chip technology, we enable synchronization accuracy at picosecond (PS) levels—empowering next-gen GNSS-denied navigation, military communications, industrial IoT, and timing-critical telecom networks.
A CSAC is a miniaturized atomic clock that integrates advanced rubidium or cesium frequency reference technology into a chip-level form factor. It offers:
Ultra-small size: Ideal for portable or embedded applications
Ultra-low power consumption: Perfect for battery-powered systems
High long-term stability: Better than quartz oscillators
Autonomous timing: Works without GPS signal
Our CSAC modules are trusted by:
Defense and aerospace contractors needing resilient GNSS-independent timing
Precision navigation developers integrating inertial + atomic systems
Telecom infrastructure manufacturers requiring PTP backup clocks
Scientific research teams performing field or mobile measurement
Industrial control system integrators building secure synchronization
We control every step—from SLIC chip design, clock oscillator manufacturing, to FPGA-based timing algorithm development. All key modules are independently designed and manufactured.
Our CSAC solutions are equipped with fiber-based ultra-high-precision transmission capabilities, enabling synchronization accuracy up to 1 picosecond, with 100-femtosecond debounce performance.
Powered by our proprietary ultra-low temperature drift crystal oscillator, we ensure stable frequency output in harsh environments.
With built-in SLIC chip and voice synchronization features, our CSAC modules support embedded VOIP gateway functions—ideal for next-gen secure communication systems.
1000+ customers in 11+ countries and regions
Over 100 time-frequency synchronization products
Full customization available for frequency, interface, temperature compensation, and power profiles
40+ patents in timing architecture, atomic module integration, and embedded synchronization algorithms
Looking for a compact atomic clock solution that delivers world-class timing accuracy?
Contact California Triangle to explore our full range of CSAC modules and custom OEM designs for your application needs.
CSACs have revolutionized various fields by enabling precise timekeeping in previously impractical scenarios. In defense and military applications, CSACs provide reliable timekeeping for navigation and communication systems, enhancing the accuracy and autonomy of military operations. For aerospace applications, they offer precise timing for satellite systems, aircraft navigation, and space exploration missions. In the commercial sector, CSACs are increasingly being used in 5G networks to provide precise timing synchronization, improving network performance and enabling advanced features like ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). Additionally, they are finding applications in autonomous vehicles, where precise timing is essential for sensor fusion and decision-making algorithms.
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